In this project, we consider a comprehensive definition of sustainability that encompasses environmental, social and societal dimensions and the three-pillar framework.
Sustainability is "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" (Brundtland Commission, 1987). This foundational definition, from the landmark report "Our Common Future" (also known as the Brundtland Report), remains the most widely accepted conceptualization of sustainable development. However, contemporary understanding recognizes that achieving sustainability requires the integration of environmental health, social equity and economic vitality in order to create thriving, healthy, diverse and resilient communities for this generation and generations to come. This integration is commonly represented through the three pillars (or dimensions) of sustainability (Purvis & al., 2019):
Environmental Dimension
Environmental sustainability involves "the entire global ecosystem (oceans, freshwater systems, land and atmosphere)" and focuses on the responsible management of natural resources. It encompasses protecting biodiversity, reducing pollution, mitigating climate change, and ensuring that "we are consuming our natural resources, such as materials, energy fuels, land, water...etc, at a sustainable rate (Circular Ecology, 2020).
Social Dimension
Social sustainability refers to a society in which all members have equal rights, all share equitably in societal benefits, and all participate equally in the decision-making process. It includes human health, social justice, cultural diversity, education, and ensuring that "the social well-being of a country, an organisation, or a community can be maintained in the long term" (Circular Ecology, 2020).
Economic Dimension
Economic sustainability "refers to a company's ability to continue its operations over a long-term horizon" while "taking into account the social and ecological consequences of economic activity. It emphasizes efficient resource use, responsible business practices, and "proper accounting of ecosystem services for optimal cost-benefit analyses" (Circular Ecology, 2020).
Brundtland, G.H. (1987). Our Common Future: Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development. Oxford University Press.
Circular Ecology. (2020). Sustainability and Sustainable Development, May 17, Circular Ecology.
Purvis, B., Mao, Y., & Robinson, D. (2019). Three pillars of sustainability: in search of conceptual origins. Sustainability Science, 14, 681–695.
